Marketing designs (optional)

15.C Design a solution to a problem to reduce the damage to an object in a collision (by reducing peak forces) by considering the properties of different materials and shapes being used to serve particular functions.

See Item alignment guide to determine which questions on Part 2: Cheerleading Headgear Assessment are aligned to which crosscutting concepts and related pieces of disciplinary core ideas. See Part 2 Key: Cheerleading Headgear Assessment for scoring guidance and anticipated responses to the related questions on Part 2: Cheerleading Headgear Assessment.

Refer to activities in Lessons 11-12 and the associated handouts for material properties and structures. Revisit the close-up and microscopic images of the protective materials and have students look for parallels in those properties. Analyze the data presented in Lesson 13 to spur the idea that space for air and deformation are important when selecting a cushioning material. Revisit models drawn in Lesson 13 in regards to how shape and thickness can distribute the forces over a greater area.

For question 5 of this part of the assessment, students are asked to write an argument for why their design solution is optimal and meets the needs of the stakeholder and to discuss what trade-offs were made and why. As part of this question, students are offered their choice of modality for expressing their explanation. They can either construct a written explanation or present their explanation orally. Offering students a choice in modality to share their explanation provides equal access for all students. Some students may benefit from drawing a representation of their design with labeling to point out how, why, and where their design solution is optimal. Some students may wish to put together this explanation using technology so they could present it to an audience. While other students may wish to orally present their explanation